One - stop services
Spanning from electronic DESIGN to the SALE of electronic components.
IC (Integrated Circuit)
Integrated Circuit (IC), referred to as integrated circuit in Hong Kong and Taiwan, is a microelectronic device or component. Using a certain process, all the components such as transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors and inductors required in a circuit, as well as wiring interconnections, are fabricated on a small piece or several small pieces of semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a tube shell to form a micro structure with the required circuit functions; all the components have formed an integral whole structurally, thus making electronic components take a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption and high reliability. It is represented by the letter “IC” (also by the text symbol “N”, etc.) in the circuit.
I. According to the differences in their functions and structures, integrated circuits can be divided into three categories: analog integrated circuits, digital integrated circuits and digital/analog hybrid integrated circuits.
Analog integrated circuits, also known as linear circuits, are used to generate, amplify and process various analog signals (referring to signals whose amplitude changes continuously with time. For example, the audio signal of a semiconductor radio, the tape signal of a tape recorder, etc.), and their input signals are proportional to the output signals.
Digital integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process various digital signals (referring to signals that take discrete values in time and amplitude. For example, the audio signals and video signals played back by VCD and DVD).
II. According to the different levels of integration, they can be divided into four categories: small-scale, medium-scale, large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits.
For analog integrated circuits, due to the high process requirements and complex circuits, it is generally considered that integrating less than 50 components is a small-scale integrated circuit, integrating 50-100 components is a medium-scale integrated circuit, and integrating more than 100 components is a large-scale integrated circuit.
For digital integrated circuits, it is generally considered that integrating 1-10 equivalent gates/chip or 10-100 components/chip is a small-scale integrated circuit, integrating 10-100 equivalent gates/chip or 100-1000 components/chip is a medium-scale integrated circuit, integrating 100-10,000 equivalent gates/chip or 1000-100,000 components/chip is a large-scale integrated circuit, and integrating more than 10,000 equivalent gates/chip or more than 100,000 components/chip is a very large-scale integrated circuit.
III. According to the different manufacturing processes, they can be divided into three categories: semiconductor integrated circuits, thin-film integrated circuits and hybrid integrated circuits.
Semiconductor integrated circuits adopt semiconductor process technology to fabricate components such as resistors, capacitors, triodes and diodes on a silicon substrate and have a certain circuit function; thin-film integrated circuits fabricate passive components such as resistors and capacitors in the form of “films” on insulating objects such as glass or ceramic chips. The value range of passive components can be made very wide, and the precision can be made very high. However, the technical level is still unable to fabricate active components such as crystal diodes and triodes in the form of “films”, thus greatly limiting the application scope of thin-film integrated circuits. In practical applications, most of them add semiconductor integrated circuits or discrete active components such as diodes and triodes to passive thin-film circuits to form an integral whole, which is a hybrid integrated circuit. According to the thickness of the film, thin-film integrated circuits are divided into thick-film integrated circuits (film thickness 1μm～10μm) and thin-film integrated circuits (film thickness below 1μm). In the process of home appliance maintenance and general electronic production, the main ones encountered are semiconductor integrated circuits, thick-film circuits and a small number of hybrid integrated circuits.
IV. According to the different conductive types, they are divided into two categories: bipolar integrated circuits and unipolar integrated circuits.
Bipolar integrated circuits have good frequency characteristics, but high power consumption and complex manufacturing processes. Most analog integrated circuits and TTL, ECL, HTL, LSTTL and STTL types in digital integrated circuits belong to this category.
Unipolar integrated circuits have low operating speed, but high input impedance, low power consumption, simple manufacturing process and easy large-scale integration. Their main products are MOS-type integrated circuits. MOS circuits are further divided into NMOS, PMOS and CMOS types.
(1) NMOS integrated circuits are integrated circuits composed of N-channel MOS devices on semiconductor silicon wafers; electrons are involved in conduction.
(2) PMOS type is an integrated circuit composed of P-channel MOS devices on a semiconductor silicon wafer; holes are involved in conduction.
(3) CMOS type is an integrated circuit composed of NMOS transistors and PMOS transistors complementarily, which is called Complementary MOS integrated circuit, abbreviated as CMOS integrated circuit.
V. According to the purpose, they can be divided into integrated circuits for televisions, integrated circuits for audio, integrated circuits for video disc players, integrated circuits for video recorders, integrated circuits for computers (microcomputers), integrated circuits for electronic organs, integrated circuits for communication, integrated circuits for cameras, remote control integrated circuits, voice integrated circuits, integrated circuits for alarms and various special integrated circuits.
1. Integrated circuits for televisions include horizontal and vertical scanning integrated circuits, intermediate frequency amplification integrated circuits, audio integrated circuits, color decoding integrated circuits, AV/TV conversion integrated circuits, switching power supply integrated circuits, remote control integrated circuits, NICAM decoding integrated circuits, picture-in-picture processing integrated circuits, microprocessor (CPU) integrated circuits, memory integrated circuits, etc.
2. Integrated circuits for audio include AM/FM high and intermediate frequency circuits, stereo decoding circuits, audio preamplifier circuits, audio operational amplifier integrated circuits, audio power amplifier integrated circuits, surround sound processing integrated circuits, level driving integrated circuits, electronic volume control integrated circuits, delay reverberation integrated circuits, electronic switch integrated circuits, etc.
3. Integrated circuits for video disc players include system control integrated circuits, video encoding integrated circuits, MPEG decoding integrated circuits, audio signal processing integrated circuits, sound effect integrated circuits, RF signal processing integrated circuits, digital signal processing integrated circuits, servo integrated circuits, motor drive integrated circuits, etc.
4. Integrated circuits for video recorders include system control integrated circuits, servo integrated circuits, drive integrated circuits, audio processing integrated circuits, video processing integrated circuits.
VI. According to the application field, they can be divided into standard general-purpose integrated circuits and special integrated circuits.
VII. According to the shape, they can be divided into circular (metal shell transistor package type, generally suitable for high power), flat type (good stability, small volume) and dual in-line type.